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Adding a new disk to a VMWare Virtual Machine in Linux

I’ve been using VMWare for a while now and I always get asked some common questions about it. One of those is how to add a new virtual disk to a Linux virtual machine. So in response to that, here are the steps to adding a new SCSI based virtual disk to a CentOS Linux virtual machine. The steps for adding a disk to a Windows machine is very much the same except you would use the Disk Management utility from the Control Panel.

Step 1: Open virtual machine settings
Select your virtual machine, as you can see from the photo I selected the Infrastructure virtual machine. Next press the “Edit virtual machine settings’ to open the Virtual Machine Settings dialog.
Select your Virtual Machine

Step 2: Add new hardware
From the “Virtual Machine Settings” dialog select the “Add…” button at the bottom of the screen. From this dialog you can also modify how much memory you dedicate to the machine when it boots.
Virtual Machine Settings Dialog - /> Select the Add… button” src=”http://www.matttopper.com/images/blog/adding_disk_to_vmware/2.jpg” /></p>
<p>Step 3: Start hardware wizard<br />
Next we will walk through the “Add Hardware Wizard” the process makes it very simple to add additional hardware to a predefined virtual machine.  From this screen we want to select the “Next >” button.<br />
<img alt=

Step 4: Select new hard disk
From this screen we can see the many types of hardware we can add to a virtual machine. You can emulate just about any piece of hardware that one can expect in a modern operating system. It definitely makes testing with different configurations and devices much easier. For our example we want to select “Hard Disk” and then select the “Next >” button.
Select Hard Disk from the Add Hardware Wizard

Step 5: Create the virtual disk
In the next screen we see the three options for adding a new disk. We can “Create a new virtual disk”, this will create a brand new disk on the guest operating system. The second option, “Use an existing virtual disk”, allows you to mount a disk from another virtual machine. I like to do this with my “source” drive. I have one virtual disk that I’ve made that has all the Oracle and Linux CDs on it, that way I can just mount it to the machine I need when I have to do a new install instead of copying the binaries I need across disks, its definitely a big time saver. The last option is to “Use a physical disk”, this allows you to mount a local physical disk to the operating system. This option is akin to NFS mounting a drive to a virtual machine. To add a new disk we select the “Create a new virtual disk” option and select the “Next >” button.
Create a New Virtual Disk from the Add Hardware Wizard

Step 6: Select type of disk
Next we want to select the type of disk. I’ve been using VMWare for a long time and agree that the recommended Virtual Disk Type should be SCSI. I don’t know why, but I’ve had much better success with the SCSI virtual disks than the IDE ones. So in this step we want to select “SCSI (Recommended)” and the “Next >” button.
Select Disk Type from Add Hardware Wizard

Step 7: Set disk size and options
Now we want to set the size of the disk we are creating. One of the nice features of VMWare is that you don’t have to allocate all of the disk when you create it. So if you create a 40 GB disk it doesn’t have to take it all right away, the disk will grow as your virtual machine needs it. I will say this is a big performance hit you take when the disk has to extend, but for most applications its OK. Also, I will warn that if the virtual disk grows and there is no physical disk left on the host operating system you will see a catastrophic failure and in most cases both the host and guest operating systems lock up and become unusable. (Don’t say I didn’t warn you) Lastly, you can split the files into 2GB sizes, while this isn’t necessary, it just makes all the disks much easier to manage and move around. For this step we want to set our disk size (12 GB in this case), I chose not to allocate the disk space right now (the machine has a 300 GB drive and has only 20 GB on it) and Split disk into 2 GB files.
Specify Disk Capacity from the Add Hardware Wizard

Step 8: Name the disk file
This is actually pretty simple in that you decide what you want to physically call the disk and where to put it. .vmdk is the extension for VMWare virtual disks. After we name the disk we can select the “Finish” button which adds the disk to the virtual machine.
Name the Virtual Disk File from the Add Hardware Wizard

Step 9: Ensure new disk exists
So now we can see that the new disk has been added to the “Virtual Machine Settings” within the selected virtual machine. From here the disk acts just like it would if you added a new disk to a standalone server. So we select the “OK” button to continue.
Review Virtual Machine Settings for the newly created disk

Step 10: Boot the virtual machine
From here we just start the virtual machine like we would normally, either by selecting the button on the toolbar or selecting the “Start this virtual machine” link.
Start the Virtual Machine

Step 11: Virtual machine start up
The machine boots normally as it would any other time.
Booting Virtual Machine...

Step 12: Create the Partition
After we’ve logged in and accessed a terminal window as root (or another user with root/sudo privs) we first want to run fdisk on the newly created drive. In Linux the first SCSI drive is sda, the second sdb, the third sdc, etc. since this was the second SCSI drive we added to the system, the device is known as /dev/sdb
The first command we want to run is fdisk /dev/sdb (NOTE: Thanks to everyone that caught my typo here) this utility works very much like the DOS utility of the old days and allows you to create and manage partitions. To create a new partition we enter the command n to create a new partition. This is going to be a primary partition p, and the first partition number 1. Because I want this disk to consume the full 12 GB I specified earlier we start at the first cylinder and end it at the last cylinder. We then want to write the partition table with the new partition we have just created so we enter the command w which writes the new table and exits fdisk.
Create new partition with fdisk

Step 13: Format the partition
Now that we’ve create the partition, we now want to format the first with the new file system. I’ve decided to use ext3 filesystem for this disk, ext3 provides all the features of the classic ext2 file system plus journaling which helps to prevent disk corruption in the event of an improper shutdown and speeds up the recovery process. For a good overview of Linux standard file systems check out this article: http://linux.org.mt/article/filesystems So, to format the new partition we enter the command mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1. This command makes a new files system with the type t ext3 on the /dev/sdb1 partition, this is the first partition on the sdb disk.
Create new filesystem in the virtual machine

Step 14: Create the mount point
Determine where you want to add the new virtual disk you’ve created. I like to create a partition specifically for all the software I install after the basic Linux install called /software to do that we run mkdir /software, just a simple make directory command. Once that is complete we then want to mount the newly created partition. Because we haven’t added the partition to the /etc/fstab yet we have to mount it manually. To do that we run mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /software. To break down this command we run mount with the ext3 filesystem type, the partition /dev/sdb1 to the directory /software. Pretty simple and straight forward. To check that the partition is properly mounted we run df -k which shows us the mounted partitions and the amount of available space.
Create new mount point and mount the new drive

Step 15: Open the fstab file
The fstab file holds all of the used disks and partitions, and determines how they are supposed to be used by the operating system. So we edit the file to add the newly created partition

http://www.matttopper.com/images/blog/adding_disk_to_vmware/15.jpg

Step 16: Modify the fstab for the new partition
After we open the fstab file in the previous step we add the following line:
/dev/sdb1 /software ext3 defaults 1 1
The first column is the partition name, the second is the default mount point, the third is the filesystem type. The fourth is the mount options, in this case I used default which mounts the drive rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser and asynchronous. The 5th and 6th options are for the dump and fsck options. If dump is set to 1 the filesystem is marked to be backed up, if you are going to have sensitive material on the drive its a good idea to set it to 1. If fsck is set to greater than 1, then the operating system uses the number to determine in what order fsck should be run during start up. If it is set to 0 it will be ignored such as in the case of a cdrom drive since its a solid state disk. For more information on the fstab file check out this article: http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/fstab.html
Lastly, we write and quit the file with the :wq command.
Editing of the fstab

So now that the fstab has been written the drive will be mounted and unmounted when the machine is either started or shutdown. So there you have it, the quick and dirty process for adding a brand new disk to a virtual machine. Until next time…

126 Responses to “Adding a new disk to a VMWare Virtual Machine in Linux”

  1. Gary Clift Says:

    Matt,

    Thank you for this tutorial. Well done!

    g

  2. Elizabeth Reiter Says:

    Matt,
    Thanks so much. I just got some vmware images and
    needed to understand and add some space. Your notes are
    great. They really helped!
    E

  3. Ben Langhals Says:

    Matt – this tutorial was exactly what I needed, right down to the tip about using the same virtual disk file in different machines for the software I have to install. Nice work!
    Ben

  4. Ralph Says:

    Not too bad – did exactly what I expected and was welcome. Fonts and picture sizes and overall layout could be improved.

    Thanks!

  5. Mayuresh Phadke Says:

    Matt – Thanks a lot for the tutorial. It helped me a lot.

  6. Mike Says:

    Great tutorial, I thought I would have issues mounting being in vmware but just like the typical linux install…and btw fonts and pics are great ;)

  7. Chiradeep Chhaya Says:

    Hi Matt,

    Excellent Guide!! One of the very few tutorials that actually are concise enough to be followed and accurate enough to work!!

    Great job!

  8. Septal Cellulitis Says:

    Like what you have to say. Your blog makes good since to me.

  9. suresh Says:

    Matt,

    That was a wonderful and indeed a great tutorial. Hope more will come !!!

  10. Tim Says:

    Thanks, the right answer at the right time. Thank you for the carefully created tutorial and references.

  11. Laxman Says:

    Amazing… !! 10/10 … great explaination… I manage to add the required space using this example.

  12. Janell Says:

    Thank you so much! I’m new to linux and after I added the virtual disk via vmware it wasn’t showing up, and I just wasn’t understanding where the heck it was! Very helpful

  13. Sheenu Bansal Says:

    Hi Matt,

    this guide was really helpful than anything else..
    thanks:)
    :)

  14. Al Says:

    This is a great article. 11 out of 10

  15. AlanB Says:

    What an awesome tutorial. Absolutely the walk-thru I needed.

    One minor typo:
    Step 12 states, “The first command we want to run is fdisk /dev/hdb …”
    I had to run ‘fdisk /dev/sdb’ and the rest was perfectly golden!

    Thanks so much!
    AlanB

  16. mo Says:

    Thank you very much for the awesome tutorial! This is just what I was looking for!

  17. Phong Nguyen Says:

    Thanks for your instruction.
    It’s really helpful!

  18. EmmanuelB Says:

    This is awesome. This is exactly what I was looking for. I really appreciate it.

  19. Alec Says:

    Great work, it’s really help and same lots of time. Very appreciated.

    thanks so much
    Alec

  20. Qiang Says:

    Thank you so much

  21. Ne0 Says:

    Really nice, thank you very much.
    I’m sure you wont mind if i post a spanish version of this tutorial in my blog (with the corresponding credits)

    –>
    Keep it simple

  22. Lukas Says:

    Thanks a lot for the great tutorial. This is exactly what I needed. I was glad to find very clear instructions on how to proceed AND some background info to learn what it is all about.

  23. ka007 Says:

    Awsome tutorial! First time I have added a disk to a linux distro, and the process was painless following the steps described above. Your blog is definately being bookmarked for future reference :-)

  24. Ralf Steffler Says:

    Hello Matt,

    great article.
    Is there a way to add a virtual disk,
    without booting the VM ?
    We are running a HA system with minimum downtime.

    Thanks !

    P.S.:
    On HP-Ux, I think “ioscan” would work.

    Best wishes
    Ralf Steffler

  25. dave Says:

    HI Matt,
    Thanks for the post. I have two questions for you.
    1.On your step 12, you did “fdisk /dev/sdb”. My understanding is you have had “/dev/sda” as your “Hard Disk (SCSI: 0:0)”. Therefore, “/dev/sdb” is your “Hard Disk (SCSI: 0:1)” that you newly created. Is it right?

    2.Still step 12, when you did “n” to add a new partition, the “First cylinder” is 1, but the “Last cylinder” is default 1566. I know you created 12GB second hard disk. Why the “Last cylinder = 1566 ” is related a 12GB hard drive?

    Thanks for your attention.
    I look forward to receiving your reply.

    Dave

  26. Geoffrey Phipps Says:

    Thank you very much, beats the pants off the official help with vmware server.

  27. Gaurav Says:

    Matt,
    Thanks for this tutorial Matt. This really helped me a lot.

  28. Alex Says:

    Hi Matt!

    Many thanks for your clear tutorial!

    Regards,


    Alex

  29. UbuNoob Says:

    After all that searching I finally found what I was looking for. Thanks Heaps!!! Just what I wanted

  30. Ankur Says:

    Hi Matt!

    Awesome ! Big help. Thanks!!!

  31. Wim Says:

    Thanks very much for great tutorial.

    Wim

  32. Charles Says:

    Simply follow the steps and all done.

    Excellent instruction.

    Thanks,
    Charles

  33. Suren Says:

    Matt -Great!!! Thank you very much for this wonderful tutorial

    Regards
    -Suren

  34. Dan Says:

    B’H’

    Hello,
    I’m from Paris.
    You know what ? Thank you very much. It’s very clear, and easy to realise. Congratulations !!!!
    Many thanks for your help.
    It works perfecty.

  35. Ashok Says:

    Greate tutorial. After couple of weeks of skimming the internet, finally I got to know this site and my problem is solved now

  36. Jacob Says:

    Thank you very much.

  37. Fernando Fonseca Says:

    Greate job. Thank you very much.
    Best regards,
    Fernando

  38. Udham Singh Says:

    Thanks Matt…This was exactly what i was looking for…Kudos to you

  39. N Thorne Says:

    Thanks for your tutorial, been a long time since I had to modify disks and never on a VMware machine, just the crash course I needed.

  40. Maria Camila Gomez-Silva Says:

    This was really helpful!
    I have a virtual machine running OpenSuSE 10.2 and the procedure worked just fine!

    Thanks from Colombia :)

  41. Rashmi Says:

    Hello,

    This is an awesome tutorial prepared by you. Thanks a ton… this was really helpful.

    Regards,
    Rashmi

  42. Hoc Ngo Says:

    Excellent tutorial! Your instructions are very accurate and to the point. This helps save a lot of time for me and other folks, I’m sure.

    Thanks a lot.

    Hoc

  43. RishiD Says:

    Hey, Just wanted to say thanks for the tutorial. Worked great.

  44. Stan Raichlen Says:

    I agree: Nice complete and very useful tutorial. I have found several sites previously, but none of them met my needs prior to this site. Thanks!

  45. Rick Karcher Says:

    Thanks Matt !! Great Tutorial , could It be possible to replace for example the /var partition and to add a new /var with more space and copy all the content to the new /var partition ? Thanks , Regards .

  46. Eric Says:

    Thanks Matt. I kinda knew what I had to do but couldn't see the /dev/sdb that I added. I rebooted the server and it showed up. It's always nice to find a howto for EXACTLY what you are doing. :)

  47. Albin Says:

    Thanks Matt. It's exactly what I need.

  48. Geoffrey Says:

    useful tutorial, thanks !

  49. Josef Says:

    Thanks for this Matt. It is very helpful. God bless!

  50. Meng Says:

    Thans very very much… Your tutorial very very helpful

  51. Jack Says:

    THANKS!

  52. Ntseh Says:

    Sweet! Easy to read and follow.

  53. Gus Says:

    Another thank-you, a clear and very useful tutorial.

  54. sfloss Says:

    Good job! Thanks mate!

  55. Jacky Says:

    Thanks a lot for this guide!

  56. Evan Says:

    Dude, Matt, thanks so much! Fantastic tutorial, great screen shot help, breaking down the commands so that I could understand exactly what is happening and why is so helpful!

  57. tom Says:

    Thanks! Worked like a charm!

  58. Mohan Says:

    Thanks a lot for your great tutorial

  59. Kazelbti Says:

    Hi webmaster!

  60. MGyHardSoft Says:

    Hi Matt,
    Excellent guide for the beginners! There is only one problem: the picture in Step 15 (http://www.matttopper.com/images/blog/adding_disk_to_vmware/15.jpg) is not displayed as the tag is missing from the HTML.

  61. Daniel Kim Says:

    I stumbled on this while searching for “adding a second virtual drive to VMWare machine”. I am using VMWare player, and set up a Windows XP virtual machine using EasyVMX.com (thanks, EasyVMX!).

    I decided I wanted more disk space, and so I looked at the .vmx file to see how disk drives are defined.

    They seem to be identified by the *.vmdk filename. I copied the *.vmdk files from the virtual machine files that were produced by EasyVMX, from before I installed Windows on the virtual machine, and renamed them VMDK2*.vmdk

    I then edited the VMDK2.vmdk file, which is a plain text definition file, and changed all references to the original file names to the new one.

    I backed up my VM’s *.vmx file, then edited it to replicate the IDE0:0 section, except that I changed the reference to IDE0:1, and changed the .vmdk filename references to the VMDK2.vmdk filename references

    Then, I crossed my fingers and ran the VMX.

    Windows opened fine, and my original stuff is still there, but no second hard drive showed up. I realized that I needed to use Windows Disk Management to initialize the disk. Sure enough, it is listed as an unallocated volume or some such obscure name. I had Windows initialize it, created a partition and formatted it. Now it shows up fine.

    So, no need for VMWare Server to do this, just some judicious text editing.

  62. michadar Says:

    Thanks so much! :-D Great tutorial!
    Regards from Poland

  63. Owain Says:

    Simply Brilliant. Thanks

  64. Ntino Says:

    Thank you! Exactly what i was looking for.

  65. Inam Says:

    HI
    Could somebody explain me ideal way of installing Linux on Virtual Machine Workstation 6.

    I will be installing Oracle Applications on Linux, which will occupy around 175 GB, so how much of space i need to allocate in the Virtual machine HDD.

    I have about 200 GB in my D:/ drive, can i create my Virtual Machine on this D:\ so that when i install Linux on the Virtual Machine , i can allocate 200 GB to the Virtual HDD and install Oracle ora ny other program on Linux Later.

    I am novice to Linux and Virtual machine, Please help me out. Thanks

  66. simon Says:

    Matt

    Two years on and it’s still helping people – just what I needed so many thanks

    Simon

  67. John61 Says:

    great and simple instruction. VMware should copy it to its own manual.

  68. Jeff Says:

    Awesome! Worked perfect!

  69. eugenia Says:

    Thank you so much! It help me very much.

  70. Maged Fawzy Says:

    Thanks Dude!!! pretty neat and simple explanation.

  71. Shakir Says:

    Thanks man. Following your instructions was very straight forward and it worked as expected!

  72. Tim Says:

    This is the best tutorial I’ve ever seen! Simple means genius. Thank you!

  73. anderson souza Says:

    Thanks for the tutorial very important i’m brazilian guy.

    translation: Muito obrigado pelo tutorial muito importante

  74. mark Says:

    nice one very helpfull

  75. Rahman Says:

    Great document yet simple… very helpful, Thanks a Bunch.

    Rahman Khaleel

  76. mogukiller Says:

    great paper .. good job

  77. Fabio Says:

    Great work: very clear and helpful.

    Thanks Matt!

  78. huy Says:

    thank nhieu nha

  79. Malik Says:

    Really good, very helpful and clear explanation

  80. Heinrich Fourie Says:

    Thank You SOOOO much. Struggled with this for hours till I found this page….and pictures!! Great job. Thanks for sharing the knowledge.

    (now I can look clever) .. ;)

  81. Kai Says:

    thank you so much. It is what I exactly needed!!!

  82. Suvajit C Says:

    Great work man, this really helps.

  83. Rolando Says:

    Clear step by step instructions. Very helpful. Thanks a lot.

  84. ujjwal Says:

    This article is very helpful. Appreciate your help. I have been looking for this for while.

  85. Casey K Says:

    Matt,

    Wow. FINALLY, a linux tutorial that ACTUALLY WORKS AND MAKES SENSE for those of us who might not be Linux gurus!

    This helped tremendously with a Virtual Appliance I needed to tweak to my own liking!

    HDA (Hassle Free Download Appliance) vmware.com

  86. Patrick Says:

    Nice work. Thank you. I do have a question though, is it possible to have a running image see the newly assigned disk without rebooting?

    Again, thank you.

  87. javier Says:

    gran trabajo!! well done!

  88. Jose Carvalho Says:

    thank you very much !!It helps me alot !!

  89. sdddf Says:

    how can i creat mail server by vmwar

  90. Ravikumar Says:

    Good Information .It helped me a ton.Thanks alot.

  91. Anan Says:

    Bravo!! Understandable and real work.

    Thanks Matt

  92. stine Says:

    Well written, esp. when you explain WHY you used the commands that you did. Now all I have to do is add this new disk to LVM.

    Thanks again.

  93. Darth Vader Says:

    Thanks. This was exactly what I needed

  94. Marc Says:

    THANKS!!!, very helpful, just what I was looking for.

  95. Sushil Says:

    Thanks a lot dude.

    It helped me out in such a beautiful way.

    Good work!!!

  96. Joewee Says:

    Thanks a lot… the Doc was very helpful.

  97. Steve Says:

    Thanks Matt,
    saved me in a pinch, had to move /var/spool to a new drive.

  98. Paul Johnson Says:

    Still working in ‘09 with redhat 5 and vmware workstation 6.5.2

  99. Sonal Says:

    Thanks – This was v.helpful.

  100. Salih Says:

    It is simple and very very useful information.

  101. Salih Says:

    Hi Matt,

    Just checked it and it worked fine.

    Thanks,
    Salih KM

  102. John Doe Says:

    Thnx for this, saved me alot of time =)

  103. naresh Says:

    Good work. Buddy

  104. Ronnie Says:

    Good tutorial, I never knew that I can create an additional virtual hard disk for RAID configuration.

  105. Jimmy Says:

    Great tutorial!

  106. Neha Says:

    Quick and Easy!

    Nice description and document is easy to understand with screen shots. Before finding this reference I have spend my 1 hr to add new HD. But now, I have added new HD to my vmware without any problem.

    Thanks a lot.

  107. Alan N-D Says:

    Very useful tutorial, again saved a lot of time.
    Thanks for posting.

  108. Arvind Says:

    Thanks for the tutorial
    Saved me a ton of time

  109. Deepak Says:

    Excellent Work Buddy :) .

  110. sravanthi Says:

    Thnaks a lot ,this tutorial is very nice and useful,i was able to create a new partition using this document

  111. Christer Says:

    Thank you!! Simple and perfect! :-)

  112. Diogo Nomura Says:

    Thank you for the great tutorial!

  113. Gladly Says:

    really usefull guide

  114. Juan G Says:

    you are the man…..thanks

  115. Adomi Says:

    The tutorial is good but I couldn’t go through with the process. All the first 12 steps passed quite ok but I got stucked at step 13. Indeed, after I entered the following
    “mkdir -t ext3 /sdb1″ I got the following error: /dev/sdb1: Invalid argument passed to ext2 library while setting up superblock.

    Am using RHEL4. Any tips?

    Thanks in advance.

  116. Adomi Says:

    It worked fine. I was making a mistake in the mkfs command. Thanks again for the tuto.

  117. prasanna Says:

    Thanks. Very useful.

  118. Sergi Says:

    Good Tutorial. Well Explained and very detailed!!

  119. chet Says:

    3.5 years and it’s still helping us n00bs out.

    Mr. Tumy pointed me this way as I was trying to add a second drive to VirtualBox. Worked like a charm. Thanks!

    chet

  120. Rahul Says:

    Oh. Very nice explaination article. Thanks for such a great knowledge sharing.

  121. Angad Says:

    It is very helpful and useful guide. Unfortunately, I did everything as mentioned and got virtual disk mounted but drive is not visible at all. I can see drive being mounted with mount command. There is also an entry in fstab file but still not visible. I have tried restarting couple of times.

    Can you please help and tell me what I am missing here?

    Cheers,
    Angad

  122. Extend / Expand full VMware virtual disk « fatvm – Share how to skinny "fat" VM's Says:

    [...] Adding a new disk to a VMware virtual machine in Linux by Matt Topper provides an illustrated step-by-step how-to gude [...]

  123. Survey: Extend / Expand VMware virtual disk « fatvm – Share how to skinny "fat" VM's Says:

    [...] Adding a new disk to a VMware virtual machine in Linux by Matt Topper provides an illustrated step-by-step how-to gude [...]

  124. RussellC Says:

    Really helpful article – thanks

  125. Paul Evans Says:

    Comprehensive Survey of techniques to Extend / Expand virtual disks – VMWare, Fusion, VMware Server, VM Workstation, esx, including this post

    http://blog.sharevm.com/2010/01/11/survey-extend-expand-vmware-virtual-disk/

  126. Atul Kumar Says:

    Thanks for useful information , I wasn’t aware that you have already documented it in such nice way .

    Other location

    http://onlineappsdba.com/index.php/2009/12/30/how-to-add-disk-in-linuxoel-virtual-linux-on-vmware-server/

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